Adverbial Clauses
In an adverbial clause, a special introductory word is added to a full subject-predicate structure. This introductory word requires the clause to be attached to another full predication, the main clause --- I could not come because I had to work.
Types of Adverbial Clauses
Clauses of Manner
Adverb clause of manner usually preceded by subordinate conjunctions : as if, as though and in that.
Clauses of Place
Adverb clause of place usually preceded by subordinate conjunctions : where, wherever, whence or wheter.
Clauses of Timer
Adverb clause of time usually preceded by subordinate conjunctions : when, whenever, while, since, before, after, till, until, as, as soon as, as long as and once.
Clauses of Degree
Adverb clause of degree usually preceded by subordinate conjunctions : than or relative adverb : as.
Clauses of Cause
Adverb clause of cause usually preceded by subordinate conjunctions : because, since, as, seeing that and now that.
Clauses of Purpose
Adverb clause of purpose usually preceded by subordinate conjunctions : so that and in order that.
Clauses of Result
Adverb clause of result usually preceded by subordinate conjunctions : so that.
Clauses of Concession
Adverb clause of concession usually preceded by subordinate conjunctions : though or although, even if, even though and relative adverb : however, and whatever.
Clauses of Condition
Adverb clause of condition usually preceded by subordinate conjunctions : if and unless (negative).
Example of Adverbial Clauses :
- She looks as though she has seen a ghost.
- I hid it where I can find it again.
- Since I last saw her, she has grown thin.
- Hold the parcel while I open the door.
- She is taller than I am.
- He ran because He was late.
- She must study hard in order that she may succeed.
- He worked hard so that he was tired.
- She went although it was raining.
- If you were a mouse, the cat would catch you.
Noun Clauses
In a noun clause, the full object and predicate are retained, but the structure is changed by the addition of a special introductory word, by a special word order, or by both. These changes permit the noun clause to fill the same positions and to serve the same functions as nouns.
Types of Noun Clauses
Noun Clause as subject
Noun Clause as object
Noun Clause as complement
Example of Noun Clauses :
- What you said is not true. (as subject)
- When she will arrive is not known. (as subject)
- That my husband has come pleases me. (as subject)
- I cannot understand what you said. (as object)
- I often wonder how you are getting on. (as object)
- She replied that she would come soon. (as object)
- I think she can do the Math items well. (as object)
- That is what you said. (as complement)
- The captain will be whoever flights best. (as complement)
- He has made the college what it is today. (as complement)
Adjective Clauses
In an adjective clause, a full subject and predicate is changed by means of a special introductory word which has the same referent as the preceding noun or pronoun. The form and position of this introductory word subordinates the adjective clause to a main clause. The introductory word also performs one of three functions in the adjective clause it self : (1) nominal function --- the boy who gave me the book ; The boy from whom I received the book. (2) adjectival function --- the boy whose book I borrowed ; (3) adverbial function --- the store where the boy bought the book.
Example of adjectives clauses :
- The women who lived next door to us lost her money.
- This is the man whose son is my close friend.
- There is a woman whom I saw.
- The house that I live in belongs to my uncle.
- The horse which she rode was brown.
- She is the women whom we all respect.
- This is the village where I was born.
- She went to Bali, Where she was born and bread.
- Gave me your reasons why you went here.
- Sunday is the day when many people don’t go to work.
